refactor(vm): remove unnecessary allocations

[SuperFola]

Description

Remove unnecessary allocations in the VM

Checklist

• I have read the Contributor guide
• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have updated the documentation if needed (on https://github.com/ArkScript-lang/website, content/docs/)
• I have added tests that prove my fix/feature is working
• New and existing tests pass locally with my changes
• AI wasn't involved in order to develop this feature

[github-actions]

Static analysis report

Lizard report

Listing only functions with cyclomatic complexity >= 15 or NLOC >= 100 or parameters >= 6.

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	450:2153	Ark::VM::unsafeRun	2	1432	281
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	2307:2401	Ark::VM::backtrace	3	81	20
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	2165:2222	Ark::VM::throwArityError	4	47	15

Report about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Start line:end line	Function name	Parameters	NLOC	CCN
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	259:634	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::evaluate	3	344	115
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	385:596	Ark::BytecodeReader::display	4	171	92
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	45:192	Ark::Diagnostics::makeContext	4	109	44
src/arkscript/main.cpp	24:383	main	2	310	43
src/arkscript/JsonCompiler.cpp	27:276	JsonCompiler::_compile	1	214	38
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	162:267	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visitKeyword	3	85	35
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Slice.cpp	21:93	Ark::internal::Builtins::slice	1	63	34
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	841:932	Ark::internal::Parser::string	1	88	32
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	355:434	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileListInstruction	3	64	32
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	179:285	Ark::internal::Node::repr	0	90	30
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	845:991	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::handleFunctionCall	3	114	30
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	212:317	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileExpression	5	88	29
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Processor.cpp	107:191	Ark::internal::MacroProcessor::processNode	3	63	28
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Node.cpp	287:368	Ark::internal::Node::debugPrint	1	70	26
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	612:713	Ark::BytecodeReader::printInstruction	7	98	25
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	149:236	Ark::types::generateError	6	75	25
src/arkreactor/TypeChecker.cpp	32:147	Ark::types::displayContract	6	102	24
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Parser.cpp	289:417	Ark::internal::Parser::import_	1	98	23
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/NameResolutionPass.cpp	56:160	Ark::internal::NameResolutionPass::visit	2	83	23
include/utf8.hpp	138:184	utf8::isValid	1	44	21
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Value.cpp	77:145	Ark::Value::toString	2	54	21
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	35:85	Ark::internal::Optimizer::countAndPruneDeadCode	1	42	20
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/StaticScope.cpp	68:109	Ark::internal::NamespaceScope::get	3	32	19
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	501:560	Formatter::formatCall	2	51	19
src/arkreactor/Builtins/String.cpp	46:112	fmt::formatter::parse	1	59	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/AST/Optimizer.cpp	87:144	Ark::internal::Optimizer::pruneUnusedGlobalVariables	1	50	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	791:843	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::handleOperator	3	42	18
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	186:248	Formatter::format	3	59	18
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	16:89	Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::applyMacro	2	56	17
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	107:129	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::nodeProducesOutput	1	18	17
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	589:637	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileLetMutSet	4	40	17
include/Ark/Compiler/AST/Predicates.hpp	132:156	Ark::internal::IsSymbol::operator ( )	1	24	16
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	506:587	Ark::internal::ASTLowerer::compileFunction	3	59	16
src/arkscript/Formatter.cpp	298:339	Formatter::formatFunction	2	35	16
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Macros/Executors/Function.cpp	99:156	Ark::internal::FunctionExecutor::unify	5	50	15
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	22:260	Ark::internal::IROptimizer::IROptimizer	1	219	14
src/arkreactor/Error/Diagnostics.cpp	194:211	Ark::Diagnostics::helper	7	17	2

---

CppCheck report

Filename	Line	Type	Description
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	0	information	Too many #ifdef configurations - cppcheck only checks 12 of 13 configurations. Use --force to check all configurations.
src/arkreactor/VM/VM.cpp	281	error	Iterators of different containers 'm_execution_contexts.emplace_back(std::make_unique())' and 'm_execution_contexts.front()' are used together.

Report files about files you didn't modify in this PR

Filename	Line	Type	Description
include/Ark/VM/VM.inl	258	style	Variable 'maybe_value_ptr' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/Bytecode.cpp	23	style	Parameter 'vm' can be declared as pointer to const
src/arkreactor/Builtins/IO.cpp	165	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/BytecodeReader.cpp	20	performance	Variable 'm_arg_kinds' is assigned in constructor body. Consider performing initialization in initialization list.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	249	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/IntermediateRepresentation/IROptimizer.cpp	256	style	Consider using std::transform algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/Lowerer/ASTLowerer.cpp	612	style	Consider using std::count_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.
src/arkreactor/Compiler/NameResolution/ScopeResolver.cpp	134	style	Consider using std::find_if algorithm instead of a raw loop.
include/Ark/VM/Value/Future.hpp	50	style	Unused private function: 'Future::deleteSelfViaVM'
src/arkreactor/VM/Value/Future.cpp	23	performance	Variable 'm_value' is assigned in constructor body. Consider performing initialization in initialization list.

[github-actions]

Super Instructions report

Some Super Instructions are under the usage threshold (16).

Super Instruction	Uses in compiled code
INCREMENT_BY_INDEX	15
INCREMENT	15
STORE_FROM	14
LT_CONST_JUMP_IF_FALSE	8
NEQ_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	4
SET_VAL_TAIL	4
STORE_HEAD	2
MUL_BY	2
GT_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	2
CHECK_TYPE_OF	2
NEQ_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	2
SET_VAL_TAIL_BY_INDEX	1
SET_VAL_HEAD_BY_INDEX	1
MUL_SET_VAL	1
SET_VAL_HEAD	1
STORE_TAIL	1

Super Instructions over the threshold

Super Instruction	Uses in compiled code
CALL_SYMBOL	4348
LOAD_CONST_LOAD_CONST	2530
LOAD_CONST_STORE	2391
LOAD_CONST_SET_VAL	663
CALL_BUILTIN	654
INCREMENT_STORE	521
AT_SYM_SYM	514
GET_FIELD_FROM_SYMBOL_INDEX	486
CALL_BUILTIN_WITHOUT_RETURN_ADDRESS	453
STORE_LIST	363
APPEND_IN_PLACE_SYM	327
LT_LEN_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	297
CALL_SYMBOL_BY_INDEX	291
GET_FIELD_FROM_SYMBOL	281
LT_SYM_JUMP_IF_FALSE	148
EQ_SYM_INDEX_JUMP_IF_TRUE	140
STORE_FROM_INDEX	107
SET_VAL_FROM_INDEX	103
SET_VAL_FROM	94
FUSED_MATH	86
AT_SYM_INDEX_SYM_INDEX	82
STORE_LEN	80
LT_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	75
CALL_CURRENT_PAGE	73
DECREMENT_BY_INDEX	61
EQ_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	48
DECREMENT_STORE	45
GT_CONST_JUMP_IF_TRUE	45
AT_SYM_INDEX_CONST	43
GT_CONST_JUMP_IF_FALSE	39
MUL_BY_INDEX	38
STORE_HEAD_BY_INDEX	35
STORE_TAIL_BY_INDEX	34
CHECK_TYPE_OF_BY_INDEX	27
APPEND_IN_PLACE_SYM_INDEX	22
DECREMENT	18

[coveralls]

Coverage Report for CI Build 24397891285

Coverage decreased (-0.001%) to 94.044%

Details

• Coverage decreased (-0.001%) from the base build.
• Patch coverage: 3 of 3 lines across 1 file are fully covered (100%).
• No coverage regressions found.

Uncovered Changes

No uncovered changes found.

Coverage Regressions

No coverage regressions found.

---

Coverage Stats

Relevant Lines:	10493
Covered Lines:	9868
Line Coverage:	94.04%
Coverage Strength:	659469.3 hits per line

---

💛 - Coveralls

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will improve performance by 3.21%

⚠️ Different runtime environments detected

Some benchmarks with significant performance changes were compared across different runtime environments,
which may affect the accuracy of the results.

Open the report in CodSpeed to investigate

⚡ 4 improved benchmarks
✅ 14 untouched benchmarks

Performance Changes

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
⚡	create_closure	4.9 ms	4.8 ms	+1.7%
⚡	n_queens	100.6 ms	97.5 ms	+3.21%
⚡	create_list	6.4 ms	6.3 ms	+1.32%
⚡	create_list_with_ref	6.1 ms	6 ms	+1.37%

---

_{Comparing vm (e4cefb9) with dev (72ae914)}

[github-actions]

Fuzzing report

/usr/local/bin/afl-whatsup status check tool for afl-fuzz by Michal Zalewski

Summary stats

    Fuzzers alive : 0
   Dead or remote : 1 (included in stats)
   Total run time : 5 minutes, 0 seconds
      Total execs : 43 thousands
 Cumulative speed : 145 execs/sec
    Pending items : 162 faves, 1366 total
 Coverage reached : 8.66%
    Crashes saved : 0
      Hangs saved : 0

Cycles without finds : 0
Time without finds : 0

[+] Captured 47248 tuples (map size 305315, highest value 255, total values 518541593) in '/dev/null'.
[+] A coverage of 47248 edges were achieved out of 305344 existing (15.47%) with 1380 input files.